The Olmec civilization, which thrived in Mesoamerica from approximately 1200-400 BCE, is known for its monumental stone sculptures. Among their most remarkable creations are colossal stone heads, each carved from basalt and weighing several tons. These heads are believed to represent rulers or significant figures, showcasing the Olmecs' advanced artistry and organizational skills. The scale and detail of these sculptures highlight the importance of leadership and identity within their culture. As one of the earliest civilizations in the Americas, the Olmec left an enduring legacy that influenced later societies like the Maya and Aztec.